Q. What is freeze-thaw durability?
Freeze-Thaw durability is a concern with concrete that is exposed to the elements. If the concrete is exposed to anti-icing materials (salt) the problem is amplified. When salt penetrates the concrete it does so in solution with the water. When the salt dries -crystals form - the solid mass of the salt exerts a force on the concrete, which causes spalling. One solution to the potential problem: add an air-entraining admixture to the concrete. Typically, the entrained air target will be approximately 7%. This is particularly true for highway pavements and bridge decks.

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